Triggers are PL/SQL blocks stored in the database that execute automatically before, after, or instead of a specific event. They help in performing actions like validation, logging, and enforcing business rules. Why Do We Use Triggers? To execute pr...
Introduction to Packages A package is a way to group related PL/SQL objects (functions, procedures, types, variables, cursors, exceptions, etc.) together. Helps in organizing objects within a schema, making them easier to find and maintain. Preven...
Function A function is a subprogram that returns a single value and can be used in SQL queries or PL/SQL blocks. ✅ Returns a value using the RETURN statement.✅ Can be used in SQL queries.✅ Can accept parameters (optional).✅ Used for calculations and ...
Exceptions are designed to handle runtime errors in PL/SQL. When a PL/SQL block encounters an error during execution, it raises an exception and terminates the process. Exceptions can occur in: Anonymous blocks (causing immediate termination) Sub...
A Cursor is a database object that allows row-by-row processing of query results. It acts as a pointer to the result set of a SQL query and is used to retrieve and manipulate data efficiently. Types of Cursors in PL/SQL Implicit Cursor Created auto...
In SQL and PL/SQL, composite data types are data structures that allow storing multiple values within a single variable. They help in managing and processing multiple pieces of data together, just like objects or structures in other programming lang...
PL/SQL is a powerful extension of SQL that allows procedural programming alongside SQL queries. It enables SQL and PL/SQL commands to be used together seamlessly within a PL/SQL block without requiring separate worksheets. DML and Transaction Control...
PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL. It is a powerful, block-structured language that enables developers to write complex database applications with procedural constructs like lo...
Git Lifecycle Working directory → Staging Area → Git directory Untracked A file that has been created in the working directory but has not yet been added to the Git repository. Git doesn’t track changes to this file because it hasn’t been added to...